Motivation Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation Case study - Essay ExampleA descent that possesses higher(prenominal) levels of these core characteristics is higher in motivating potential. This relationship between business enterprise characteristics and employee motivation is moderated by the employees growth-need strength. The relation between the presence of high levels of the core job characteristics and motivation on the job is stronger for individuals who experience strong growth needs. The job characteristics model provides a conceptual frame work for improving the follow of motivating potential inherent in the design of the job through increasing skill variety, chore identity, designate signifi mintce, autonomy, and feedback from the task itself. Changing elements of the jobs design to strengthen these core motivating characteristics is kn deliver as job enrichment (McKenna n.d, 199).At Disney under Igers leadership, the employees have been given a relatively relaxed hand to perform the tasks they are ge nuine at with the top management non getting into micro-management. This allows employees to make decision based on their own judgments and requires a more complex level of skills. Hence the skill variety of the employees has been increase under Iger. The increased level of delegation that the employees enjoy along with the autonomy to perform tasks as they see fit has been mavin of the prime reasons for the higher motivation levels at Disney under Iger. Employees feel that their contribution to the work they perform is greater now and they are able to take their job to completion and therefore can enjoy a certain sense of ownership about it. The greater level of skill variety, task significance and task identity has led the Disney employees to experience a greater level of meaningfulness in the work they perform, as is shown by the JCM requirements in the diagram in the appendix. This was in sharp contrast to Eisners strategy of increasing his own submit and squashing the confid ence of the employees to make own decisions and hence, decreasing their perception about the contribution they make to the work. This has led to higher internal work motivation and higher quality performance as employees have been able to undertake on the creative aspect and do what they are good at. This has ensured that even if the top management is not creative, the steady influx of creativity from the employees and people good at their work has kept the star of Disney burgeoning. 2- How can equity theory explain the difference in motivation of employees working under Eisner, as compared to having Iger as CEO Discuss.The TheoryEquity Theory attempts to explain relational satisfaction in terms of perceptions of sensible or unfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships. It asserts that employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs that they bring to a job and the outcomes that they receive from it against the perceived inputs and outcomes of others. The belief is that people value fair treatment which causes them to be propel to keep the fairness maintained within the relationships of their co-workers

What is diabetes and treatment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What is diabetes and give-and-take - Research newspaper publisher ExampleThe statistic from the Centers for Disease Control and prevention shows that approximately 29.1 million of population in the United States has diabetes that is 9.3%. Among them atomic number 18 21.0 million of diagnosed diabetes cases and 8.1 million of undiagnosed cases. As of 2013, worldwide was fixed on average 382 million patients with diabetes. The flash type of the diabetes has the highest prevalence and it is 90% of only cases. During the period of 2012-2013 years diabetes caused 1.5 -5.1 million of deaths per year all everyplace the world. Nowadays this disease takes 8th place among the diseases that cause the highest aim of mortality worldwide. Therefore, investigations of effective and safe treatment for diabetes are one of the most important challenges for scientists. In this paper I want to describe the biological overview of the diabetes, view all main types of the diabetes and characterize all possible treatment option for patients with diabetes. (CDC,2014)Diabetes associated with increased level of sugars in the blood that caused by abnormal function of the pancreas. Normally, hormone-producing cells called beta cells of the healthy pancreas that are situated in the islet of Langerhans release such important metabolic hormone as insulin. Insulin related to the peptide hormones and it plays a of the essence(p) role in the carbohydrates and fat metabolism. The main function of insulin is glucose preoccupation from the blood into the liver, muscles and adipose tissue. There are three main sources of glucose releasing inside our body. They contain gluconeogenesis that characterized by receiving the glucose from non-carbohydrates sources such as lipids and proteins intestinal absorption of the meal and splitting of glycogen the form of glucose storage in the liver. Insulin plays an important role in all this processes as it can inhibit or stimulate the process of glycog en splitting or gluconeogenesis. in the main insulin is responses

Article summary Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary - article ExampleFour experiments were performed. The first experiment was to predict that the Ss who had acquired precondition information would be able to entrap the pass sequence with no trouble and will be able to recall it easily as impertinent to Ss who had not received the prerequisite information and would find it difficult to comprehend and recall. The sentences of the passage consisted of normal English. Experiments II, III, IV were same as the first experiment in that comprehension rating and recall tasks followed the acquisition course consisting of a single auditory presentation material. Dependent variable in this study is nature of passages and materials use for experiment. Independent variable was the memory nature of the subjects.The experiments discovered that presentation of suitable semantic background had a noticeable outcome on both comprehension ratings and recall. It was found out that every Ss most credibly knew the lexical meanings of the words a nd were eminent with sentence structures that were used in the passage.The results for experiments were tabled and it was discovered that a background of experience before is useful for easy comprehension and recall of a passage. However, prior knowledge to a fact is not a guarantee that it will be useful for comprehension.This article states that exposure of children to film-mediated violent models would foment the likelihood of Ss belligerence to consequent frustration. Three experiments were performed to proof the hypothesis. Three different groups were used in the experiments. nigh researches on the topic have paid attention majorly on the drive plummeting purpose of dream.In the study, ternary varied experiments were performed to come up with conclusions. The subjects for the experiment were 48 boys and 48 girls who had been enrolled in Stanford Nursery school. Their mean age was 51 months. Two adults consisting of both sex served as models for

Management and Organisations in a Global Environment Assignment

Management and Organisations in a Global Environment - Assignment ExampleThe Rational Approach, which seems to be favoured by Prof Rand every, is ground on the assumption that the problem and the preferences are clear and that there are no constraints in establishing alternatives b) The delimited Rationality is based on similar process with the Rational Approach, with the following exception In the background of Bounded Rationality, the performance of the decision-making process is related to the ability of the individual to process information (Lecture Notes, Slide 5, p.3) c) distrust is based on the experience of the individual in regard to the issue involved at the corresponding time, the cognitive skills of individual can affect the decision-making process when it is based on Intuition.The introduction of a deoxycytidine monophosphate levy in Australia would affect a variety of groups, including a) local population since carbon tax depart be incorporated in the taxes paid by vehicle users it is expected that the cost of using a vehicle in Australia will be increased. This fact will negatively affect the financial stipulation of vehicle users across Australia, b) entrepreneurs the carbon tax will increase the operational costs of businesses in all industries, c) foreign investors the introduction of a new tax would possibly keep a bureau foreign investors that would be interested in investing in Australia d) economy the new tax would decrease the average income of the great unwashed in Australia, leading to the decrease of GDP, even in the long term e) government the new tax would harm the image of the countrys government, leading to the decrease of the populations trust to the governmental decisions. The Multi-Advocacy process could have been used for developing such a decision in the following way the specific process is based on the idea that any decision made is based on an extensive bargaining process (Mintz and DeRouen 48).

Basic Ideas and Theories of Mass Communication Essay Example for Free

Basic Ideas and Theories of Mass conference EssayIn the front nates, there were legion(predicate) head renowned pupils who contributed immensely towards the instruction of conference processes, society and their talk kins, which are tacit relevant and warmness touching. Thus, David K. Berlo developed the source-message-channel recipient (SMCR) theory in the 1960s. His theories emphasized the many figures that could affect how senders and receivers created, interpreted and reacted to a message. turn sludge weber Explore his contribution to our understanding of companionable social stratification, classes and status groups from category Sociology in relation to communication. According to him, We cannot deny the existence of affable structures or system by which wad are categorized or ranked in a hierarchy. This people categorization is otherwise known as social stratification. It is a universal characteristic of society that persists over generations. It is a social structure by which social issues and organizational problems arise. In a society, groups of people share a similar social status, and this is known as social class.ABSTRACTIn this work (assignment), I bother most on the contributions, the prefatory root words and established notions propounded by both theorists_ D K Berlo and that of Max weber. And their biography.Q. 1 (a)THE CONTRIBUTION OF DAVID K. BERLO AND HIS BASIC IDEAS formal IN THE THEORIES OF MASS COMMUNICATIONForemost, for a proper focus on communications theory, the Oxford English lexicon defines communication as the imparting, conveying, or exchange of ideas, knowledge, information, etc. We can look up the origin of the word. Communication counts from the Latin communis, common. When we communicate, we are trying to establish a commonness with someone. That is, we are trying to share information, an idea or an attitude. Looking further, you can find this type of definition Communications is the mechanism th rough which benevolent relations exist and develop. This broad definition, found in a book written by a sociologist, takes in about everything Communications theory then becomes the study and statement of the principles and rules by which information is conv opticd. Among happen upon communications theorists were Wilbur Schramm, David Berlo, and Marsh each(prenominal) McLuhan.Basically, for a close examination, the major contribution in communication model that I ordain consider is the SMCR model, developed by David K. Berlo, a communications theorist and consultant. In his book The run of Communication,6 Berlo points out the importance of the psychological view in his communications model. The four part of Berlos SMCR model are no surprises here source, message, channel, receiver.The first part of this communication model is the source. All communication must come from some source. The source might be one person, a group of people, or a company, organization, or institution such as MU. Several things jell how a source will operate in the communication process. They include the sources communication skills abilities to think, write, draw, speak. They also include attitudes toward sense of hearing, the subject matter, yourself, or toward any other factor pertinent to the situation. Knowledge of the subject, the audience, the situation and other background also influences the way the source operates. So will social background, education, friends, salary, culture all sometimes called the sociocultural context in which the source lives. Message has to do with the package to be sent by the source.The code or language must be chosen. In general, we think of code in terms of the natural languages English, Spanish, German, Chinese and others. Sometimes we physical exertion other languages music, art, gestures. In all cases, look at the code in terms of ease or difficulty for audience understanding. Within the message, select content and organize it to m eet acceptable treatment for the given audience or specific channel. If the source makes a poor choice, the message will likely fail. Channel can be thought of as a sense smelling, tasting, feeling, hearing, seeing. Sometimes it is preferable to think of the channel as the method over which the message will be transmitted telegraph, newspaper, radio, letter, poster or other media. Kind and anatomy of channels to use may depend largely on purpose.In general, the more you can use and the more you tailor your message to the people receiving each channel, the more effective your message. Receiver becomes the final radio link in the communication process. The receiver is the person or persons who make up the audience of your message. All of the factors that determine how a source will operate apply to the receiver. Think of communication skills in terms of how hale a receiver can hear, canvass, or use his or her other senses. Attitudes relate to how a receiver thinks of the source, of himself or herself, of the message, and so on. The receiver may ingest more or less knowledge than the source.sociocultural context could be different in many ways from that of the source, but social background, education, friends, salary, culture would still be involved. Each will affect the receivers understanding of the message. Messages sometimes fail to accomplish their purpose for many reasons. Frequently the source is unaware of receivers and how they view things. Certain channels may not be as effective under certain circumstances. Treatment of a message may not fit a certain channel. Or some receivers simply may not be aware of, interested in, or capable of using certain available messages. In short, Berlo Several important ideas, notions and factors established must be considered relating to source, message, channel, and receiver.Q. 1. (b)TRACE THE BIOGRAPHY OF DAVID K. BERLOD. K. Berlo in history. This caption attempts to give an insight in to the biography of the emi nent scholar whose communication ideologies, philosophy and notions cannot be overlooked in the field of mass communication_ journalism.Biographical informationIn 1955, David K. Berlo, at the age of 29, received his doctorate degree in the study of communication from the University of Illinois. Berlo was a student of Wilbur Schramm, who sit down on the doctoral committee. Schramm, whose theories of communication are well known, was responsible for the creation of the first communication program at the graduate level which was an entity separate from speech and mass communications. doyen Gordon Sabine, also sat on the committee, and the following day offered Berlo an assistant professorship position and the chair of the newly created Department of ordinary Communication Arts, at his Michigan State University (MSU) (Rogers, 2001).In our trivial pursuit, it was discovered that, Berlo, being many years younger than his colleagues and some of his students, perceived himself to be in n eed of communicating an air of permanence and maturity, so that his position, and that of the newly formed department, would be taken seriously. To this end, he deliberately gained weightup to 270 pounds of body mass, togged up in dark, fancy suits, and began to act the part of the chairperson of a more well-established department (Rogers, 2001). It must have worked, because he was able to successfully establish, at Michigan State, one of our countrys first undergrad majors in communication.He functioned in the role of educator, author, and communication department chair at MSU for 14 years, from the departments inception in 1957 through 1971. In 1960 he wrote the textbook which was implemented in his undergraduate classes, The Process of Communication. He taught an excellent doctoral level core course in look methods and statistics. He was a strong leader, excellent educator, and advocate for the field of communication study. He continued to seek and develops his SMCR theory of communication and information.In it he stressed the importance of the perception of the source in the eye of the receiver and also the channel(s) by which the message is delivered. During his final 3 years at Michigan State, it is said, that he seemed to lose interest in his job. He became county chairperson of the Republican Party and was passed over for the position of Dean of the College of Communication Arts (Rogers, 2001). In 1971 he became President of Illinois State University, but resigned in 1973 when an investigation took place to uncover whether or not he had spent unauthorized funds for the completion of the presidential family (Plummer, 2005). He completed his career working as a corporate consultant in St. Petersburg, Florida.Q. 2. (a) break-dance SOME ESTABLISHED NOTIONS OF MAN AND SOCIETY PROPOUNDED BY MAX weber.Max Weber was one of the universe figures of sociology. His work is important to students of communication for several reasons, including his methodologic al and hypothetic innovations as well as a diversity of usable constructs and examples for the analysis of social behaviour, economical organization and administration, authorisation, leadership, culture, society, and politics. Some of his greatest achievements, notions, ideologies, philosophy, and the experiences that guided his convictions he established, which also characterized his stand and position thus, can be seen as highlighted in the following contributions outlined * Max Webers work provides an example of historical and comparative social science that successfully negotiated between attention to theoretical concepts and empirical details. Rather than concluding an investigation with a generalization or theoretical claimthat all economic behaviour is rational, for exampleWeber would use the concept of rational behaviour as a comparison point in conducting his research.* Webers work provides the origin of operation theory as such. Weber defines legal action as meaning fully oriented behaviour, and takes it to be the fundamental unit of sociological investigation. This is crucially important for communication studies, for it defines a model of social science distinct from behaviourism. * How could Weber claim a scientific get down to motives and meanings, which cannot be directly observed? His resolution of this problem has been widely admired and imitated. On the one hand, he combined logic, empathy, and interpretation to construct ideal types for the analysis of historical cases. He constructed, for example, idealtype models of how the perfectly rational or perfectly traditional actor would make choices in ideal circumstances. These expectations would then be compared with what real people did in actual circumstances. When historical actors deviated from the ideal types, Weber did not take that as evidence of their cognitive shortcomings (their irrationality, for example) but as clues to additional concepts he needed to develop for further anal ysis.* Working from the other direction, he interpreted historical records empathetically, striving to identify how the actors in a particular situation could have seen their action as a rational response to their circumstances. In this way, he was able to construct models of a double of types of rational action, opening up his theory to a greater range of human situations than either the behaviorists or the economists. Prayer, for example, as Weber pointed out, is rational behavior from the point of view of the faithful. * Webers work also provides many useful concepts and examples for communication studies, in addition to the wide-ranging importance of his action theory and his methodological innovations.* His analysis of economic organization and administration is the standard model of rational organization in the study of organizational communication. His studies of authority and leadership are important to students of mass communication, and of both organizational and governm ental communication. * His studies in the sociology of religion explore the range of possibilities in the relation between ideas and social structures, a problem that continues to be at the punk of cultural studies. * His contrasts of rational and traditional and his analysis of juvenile bureaucratism are starting points for analysis of modern industrial-commercial culture and communication and the effect of the media on culture and politics. * Weber distinguished three ideal types of semipolitical leadership (alternatively referred to as three types of subordination, legitimisation or authority) 1. Charismatic domination (familial and religious),2. Traditional domination (patriarchs, patrimonialism, feudalism) and 3. Legal domination (modern faithfulness and state, bureaucracy). In his view, every historical relation between linguistic rules and ruled contained such elements and they can be analysed on the basis of this tripartite distinction. He notes that the instability of charismatic authority forces it to routinise into a more merged form of authority. In a pure type of traditional rule, sufficient resistance to a ruler can lead to a traditional revolution.The move towards a rational-legal structure of authority, utilising a bureaucratic structure, is necessary in the end. Thus this theory can be sometimes viewed as part of the social evolutionism theory. This ties to his broader concept of rationalisation by suggesting the inevitability of a move in this direction. * Bureaucratic administration means essentially domination through knowledge. * Weber described many ideal types of public administration and government in his masterpiece Economy and Society (1922). His critical study of the bureaucratisation of society became one of the most enduring parts of his work. It was Weber who began the studies of bureaucracy and whose works led to the popularisation of this term. Many aspects of modern public administration.Social stratification* Weber als o formulated a three-component theory of stratification, with Social class, Social status and Political party as conceptually distinct elements. * Social class is based on economically determined relationship to the market (owner, renter, employee etc.). * Status class is based on non-economical qualities like honour, prestige and religion. * Party class refers to affiliations in the political domain. * All three dimensions have consequences for what Weber called life chances (opportunities to improve ones life). This context consisted of the political problems engendered by the bourgeois status-group of the city, without which neither Judaism, nor Christianity, nor the developments of Hellenistic thinking are conceivable. According to Weber,* He argued that Judaism, early Christianity, theology, and later the political party and modern science, were only possible in the urban context that reached a full development the West alone. =He also saw in the history of medieval European c ities the rise of a unique form of non-legitimate domination that successfully challenged the existing forms of legitimate domination (traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal) that had prevailed until then in the gothic world. This new domination according to him, was based on the great economic and military power wielded by the organised community of city-dwellers (citizens).Webers ideas form the heart of what is commonly known as structural linguistics (Littlejohn). Weber defines organization as follows An organization is a system of continuous, purposive activity of a condition kind. A corporate organization is an associative social relationship characterized by an administrative staff give to such continuous purposive activity (Weber, Social and Economic Organizations, p. 151.). Webers notion of bureaucracy involves power, authority, and Legitimacy. Power is the ability of a person in any social relation to Influence others and to cut across resistance. Power in this s ense is fundamental to most social relationships (Littlejohn).Q. 2. (b) GIVE THE BIOGRAPHY OF MAX WEBERMAX WEBERS EARLY LIFE AND FAMILY BACKGROUNDWeber was born in 1864, in Erfurt, Thuringia.3 He was the eldest of the seven children of Max Weber Sr., a wealthy and prominent civil retainer and member of the National Liberal Party, and his wife he was buckin Helene (Fallenstein), who partly descended from French Huguenot immigrants and held strong moral absolutist ideas.39 Weber Sr.s involvement in public life immersed his home in both politics and academia, as his salon welcomed many prominent scholars and public figures.3 The young Weber and his brother Alfred, who also became a sociologist and economist, thrived in this intellectual atmosphere.Webers 1876 Christmas presents to his parents, when he was thirteen years old, were two historical essays authorize About the course of German history, with special reference to the positions of the Emperor and the Pope, and About the Roman Imperial period from Constantine to the migration of nations.10 In class, bored and unaffected with the teachers who in turn resented what they perceived as a disrespectful attitude he secretly read all forty volumes of Goethe.1112 Before entering the university, he would read many other classical works.12 oer time, Weber would also be significantly affected by the marital tension between his father, a man who enjoyed earthly pleasures, and his mother, a devout Calvinist who sought to lead an ascetic life. Max Weber and his brothers, Alfred and Karl, in 1879MAX WEBERS EDUCATIONAt this juncture, Weber was in 1882, enrolled in the University of Heidelberg as a law student. After a year of military service he transferred to University of Berlin. After his first few years as a student, during which he spent much time drinking beer and fencing, Weber would increasingly take his mothers side in family arguments and grew estranged from his father. Simultaneously with his studies, he wo rked as a third-year barrister. In 1886 Weber passed the examination for Referenda, comparable to the bar association examination in the British and American legal systems. Throughout the late 1880s, Weber continued his study of law and history.He earned his law doctorate in 1889 by writing a dissertation on legal history entitled Development of the Principle of Joint Liability and the Separate Fund in the Public Trading confederacy out of Household and Trade Communities in Italian Cities. This work was used as part of a longer work On the History of Trading Companies in the Middle Ages, based on South-European Sources, publish in the same year. Two years later, Weber completed his Habilitationsschrift, Roman Agrarian History and its significance for Public and Private Law, working with August Meitzen. Having thus become a Privatdozent, Weber joined the University of Berlins faculty, talking to and consulting for the government.ReferencesReinhard Bendix and Guenther Roth Scholar ship and Partisanship Essays on Max Weber, University of California Press, 1971, p. 244. Max Weber. Encyclopdia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. 20 April 2009. Britannica.com Max Weber. Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 17 February 2010. Max Weber Hans Heinrich Gerth Bryan S. Turner (7 run into 1991). From Max Weber essays in sociology. Psychology Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-415-06056-1. Retrieved 22 March 2011. D K Berlo. The Process ofCommunication.

Project Design Plan Essay Example for Free

Project Design Plan EssayThis prove is to test the theory that the temperature of weewee affects the duration of m it sign ups to pissing to reach freezing? Hot water freezing sudden than cold has been observed for many centuries. The earliest known reference to this effect is by Aristotle, who wrote The fact that water has previously been warmed contributes to its freezing quickly for so it cools so 1r. Hence many people, when they lack to cool scorching water quickly, begin by putting it in the sun. . . (Jeng)Literature review1. fit in to a study of the Mpemba effect by Monwhea Jeng Many factors impact water as it cools and eventually freezes, vaporization can contribute to a loss of mass, Hot water can hold less turn gas than cold water and large amounts of dissolved gas escape upon boiling, convection currents and non-uniform temperature distribution happen as water cools, the milieual of the hot take alike impacts the environment around it. Super cooling white thorn also have an important role in the effect, super cooling occours when water freezes not at 0c but at some lower temperature. (Jeng, The Mpemba effect When can hot water freeze faster than cold? , 2006)2. In 1963 a student named Erasto B Mpemba noticed that placing recently a recently change state mixture of milk and sugar into the refrigerator it froze into ice-cream faster than an new(prenominal) students mixture that was not heated. He asked his physics instructor why this had happened and his physics instructor informed him you are confused, that cannot happen this response highlights the need for objectiveness in scientific studies. After repeatedly asking various instructors to explain his observations Mpemba took two 50ml beakers and filled one with water from the tap and one from hot water from a boiler and put them into a deep-freeze, after an hour he discovered that their was in fact more ice formation in the model from the boiler. Dr Osborne visited the school wh ere Mpemba studied and Mpemeba asked him to explain the effect, he could not but unlike previous instructors and peers Dr. Osborne conducted experimentations and did infact repeat Mpembas discovery (Osborne)VariablesThe Dependent variable is the starting temperature of the water being endued into the freezer. The Independent variable time elapsed until each sample freezes The Controlled variables are temperature of the freezer, the volume of the water samples and the sample containers.HypothesisMy supposition is that the hot water will freeze in a shorter elapsed time than the cold water due(p) to a combination of loss of volume during the heating/cooling process I arrived at this hypothesis through researching the Mpemba effect and reviewing the results of other experiments. experimental designAfter reading multiple possible slipway to conduct experiments on the Mpemba effect I chose this design plan because the experiment could be conducted with supplies I had on hand and sh ould be easily reproducible. I will measure the temperature with a common digital kitchen thermometer every(prenominal) fifteen minutes until the water sample has frozen solid generous that the thermometer cannot penetrate the ice to take measurements. The tools I will be using are 1 Plastic measuring cup,1 Thermometer, Two .30 l plastic storage containers,1 Kitchen timer, 1 Clock, 1 Range cook top, 1 Sauce pan.Threat reduction to Internal ValidityTo reduce the threats to internal validity I will use the akin affairs to objectively measure the variables of temperature and volume in my experiment. Each temperature reading will be taken using the uniform thermometer each volume measurement will be taken using the same measuring cup. Identical storage containers will be used to store the water samples and they will be placed at the same time into the same freezer on the same bare shelf. Experimental procedure.measure 1 Draw two samples of tap water 250ml each and record initia l temperature Step 2 pour one sample into sauce pan heat to boiling pour other sample into .30 l plastic storage container Step 3 pour boilingsample into measuring cup and note any loss of volumeStep 4 return samples to .30l plastic storage containerStep 5 measure temperatures of boiled sample and fashion temperature sampleStep 6 place some(prenominal) .30l plastic storage container into freezerStep 7 measure temperature of both samples every 15 min logging results until both samples are held at or below zero degrees Celsius long enough that the thermometers temperature probe cannot pierce the surface of the sample. .Step 8 Allow both samples to thaw at room temperature and measure for any loss of volumeExperiment ResultsIn my investigation the boiled sample of water did in fact freeze faster than the colder tap water sample the greatest temperature differential during my experiment arrived in the first 15 minutes of the boiled sample being introduced to the freezer, the boiled sa mple entered the freezer at 99.6C and 15 minutes later the temperature was 18.1c this represents a reduction of 81.5 degrees. No notable change of temperature to the environment was recorded. The cold sample also experienced the greatest reduction in temperature in the first 15 minutes of my experiment with a starting temperature of 14.3c and 15 minutes later the temperature was 2 degrees CelsiusThe hot sample continued to lose heat faster than the cold sample until 120 min into my experiment where both samples reached -0.6c and were too solidly frozen to continue measurements.After both samples were too solid to continue measurements I removed both samples from the freezer and allowed them to thaw once both samples were thawed I measured the be water volume the hot sample lost 30% of its volume whereas the cold sample had alone lost 10%ConclusionThis experiment has proven my hypothesis the hot water sample did in fact freeze in a shorter elapsed time than the cold water. The hot sample also lost 30% of its volume. The experimental design was a key factor in proving my hypothesis as it controlled many of the variables that could impact the outcome of my investigation. To replicate my experiment you will need a thermometer 500ml of water, two undistinguishable storage containers and a freezer with a constant temperature of 18 degrees Celsius . I replicated my experiment using the same experimental procedure and achieved the same results with a slight variation in the loss of volume in the hot sample, in my second attempt the hot sample lost 35% of its volume. Because I achieved resembling results using the same experimental design I believe my observations are valid.Works CitedJeng, M. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/hot_water.htmlHistory Jeng, M. (2006). The Mpemba effect When can hot water freeze faster than cold? . American Journal of Physics, 514. Kurtus, R. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.school-for-champions.com/sci ence/mpemba.htm Osborne, E. M. (n.d.). Retrieved fromhttp//www.rsc.org/images/Cool-Mpemba-Osborne1969_tcm18-222099.pdf

Terrorism in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Terrorism in Pakistan Es interpretWhen analyzing the existences current situation concerning terrorism, it is difficult to say whether the world(a) war on terrorism has been a successful one. Since the September 11, 2001 attack on the World calling Centers in New York City, George furnish, former president of the linked States, vowed to defeat terrorism. Eight years later, this promise has still to be fulfilled, and even with the help of many countries globally, the threat of terrorism is still evident more then(prenominal) ever, which questions whether the global war on terror is succeeding. Moreover, to entirely grasp the subject, one must be familiar with the definition of terrorism and it can be defined as an act of violence or threaten violence intended to spread panic in a society, and to bring about political change.Terrorists do not necessarily live in their native states, they also migrate to neighboring countries, and countries abroad and oftentimes go undetect ed. The logistics and man power it takes to combat terrorism is immense, and it seems more evident that the global war on terrorism is not succeeding due to essentially three factors. First, that The united States has created a terrorist haven in the Middle East. Second, international support for the global war on terrorism is decreasing. Third, terrorism has been on the constant quantity increase since September 11, 2001.On March 19, 2003, former American President George W. Bush announced to the world that the get together States and the United kingdom would be invading Iraq. He stated that this military operation was designed to disarm Iraq, free its people and to defend the world from grave danger. America had seen Iraq to be a major threat against world peace as well as a breeding ground for terrorists, and that it had to legislate this threat before they could attack again. On March 20, 2003, a day after President Bushes address, The United States and the United Kingdom b egan their invasion of Iraq. Although the invasion was intended to disarm Iraq from any weapons of mass destruction, it was also aimed at uncovering and eliminating any terrorist physical compositions inwardly the country since several United States officials accused Hussein of harboring and supporting al-Qaeda, the terrorist organization responsible for the September 11 attacks.In fact, no weapons of mass destruction were ever found and it was discovered that there was no direct connective between Saddams Iraq and al-Qaeda. Furthermore, while there was no concrete connection between Iraq and terrorism, the UnitedStates and the United Kingdom decided to remain in Iraq and liberate its people. Moreover, attacks on military were macrocosm carried out daily and Iraqis say that these attacks were being made by organized forces motivated by nationalism, Islam and revenge that feed off public unhappiness. Instead of creating a more liberal and safe Iraq, what the United States and United Kingdom had done was essentially bring more violence and terrorist activity to the country. Prior to the United States and United Kingdoms occupation, the people of Iraq were not able to speak their minds, scarcely what they did have was security and the basic conveniences to get through the day.After the occupation had taken place, the Iraqi people to this day fear being attacked in their bedrooms power, water, and telephones are routinely unavailable. Shiites, which are a branch of Islam, supported the removing of Saddam Hussein from power, plainly got increasingly hostile towards the United States and United Kingdoms occupation of their country. This hostility resulted in the creation of religious extremists within Iraq which have told western reporters that they are prepared to carry out martyrdom operations if and when they receive orders to do so. The United States and United Kingdom invasion of Iraq had not only increased religious extremism in the country, but it was also used as a recruitment tool by al-Qaeda and other groups. The bespeak of Movement for Islamic Reform in Arabia, Saad al-Faqih, said that images of American soldiers and tanks in Baghdad are deeply humiliating to Muslims. This humiliation is one of many things that tends to trigger deep anger for American and British forces occupying Iraq, and eventually creates terrorists.However, some argue that the occupation of Iraq was essential in the global fight against terrorism. Former President George W. Bush stated that if the United States and the United Kingdom had not invaded Iraq, terrorists would not be idle. He goes on to say that they would be plotting and killing people across the world and within American borders. By fighting these terrorists in Iraq, Americans in unvaried are defeating a direct threat to the American people. Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom also agreed with Bushs comments stating There is absolutely no doubt in my mind that what is happenin g in Iraq nowis crucial for the security of the world.